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  • As a Geographical Hydrologist who sees things from the water balance and how this is impacted by people. I am inter... moreedit
This is based on a Chapter from my book on land Degradation. The aim is to answer some o the questions raised during the feedback. This Chapter will be followed by others that explain what has caused land degradation and how it can be... more
This is based on a Chapter from my book on land Degradation. The aim is to answer some o the questions raised during the feedback.  This Chapter will be followed by others that explain what has caused land degradation  and how it can be prevented by simple policies that change the economics and philosophical and value system.  The next paper provides some information about erosion as background
This is a book in which expert snd invided authors report on the problems of soil conservation and hold meetings with stakeholders. This is an introduction to the problem and it looks at also the conditions in Alicante . Imeson explains... more
This is a book in which expert snd invided authors report on the problems of soil conservation and hold meetings with stakeholders.  This is an introduction to the problem and it looks at also the conditions in Alicante .
Imeson explains the issues related to land use and erosion and the soil threats. The aim is to support the soil directive being debated. 
Information about the authors is provided.  The current year is given because it is now published here by The Foundation 3D Environmental Change
This paper is a resource regarding what functional indicators are and how they cam be measured. The results are very interesting in terms of what they reveal. Runoff in fields was often caused by water from areas of Lavender and other... more
This paper is a resource regarding what functional indicators are and how they cam be measured.  The results are very interesting in terms of what they reveal. Runoff in fields was often caused by water from areas of Lavender and other shrubs,  The rate of weathering of the rock was very ddiferent. After 2 to 15 years it was found that the soil recoved with the vegetation. There was a relationship of erosion whuch got less with the time of abandonment.  Very many studies were made and are archived so they are relevant for today
Soil Conservation needs and practises were studied by organising workshops, sponsoring key papers . Meetings were organised in different regions to identify the specific problems and barriers as well as the causes and best practices. It... more
Soil Conservation needs and practises were studied by organising workshops,  sponsoring key papers . Meetings were organised in different regions to identify the specific problems and barriers as well as the causes and best practices. It was found that from Iceland and Norway to Portugal, Italy and Spain, the same problems were identified. SCAPE supported the preparation of the European Soil Strategy scientifically and the results of the European Soil Forum are on line.  SCAPE demonstrates the need for a European Soil Conservation Service that prevents the main use of land being obtaining subsidies that define all land as farmland irrespective of the climate. The mismatch between crop choice and climate and land use is the main cause of climate change.  Very many ways of reversing land degradation, climate change and contamination are included in the reports and briefing papers.
The paper shows the climate and ground surface conditions and soil properties related to the hydrology, climate and soil degradation.  It provides a benchmark for today as the results were affected by land use changes
This paper describes, the climate soil and ecology as well as the hydrology on limestone .  These data should be used in combination with the other files uploaded as companion files
This file contains the data from the Callosa location midway along the transect. This is an archive of baseline information for those interesting in bench marking change It is the middle site of the transect and is midway between... more
This file contains the data from the Callosa location midway along the transect.  This is an archive of baseline information for those interesting in bench marking change    It is the middle site of the transect and is midway between Benidorm and Rates.
Field conditions and Data from the SW slope at Benidorm where there is about 350 mm rain and a semi arid climate
Annex showing the conditions at the Benidorm  NE Slope in 1999
This Chapter analyses and explains the relationship between climate and the properties of the soil in the landscape that affect the response to climate change This Chapter is very important as a benchmark reporting the conditions that... more
This Chapter analyses and explains the relationship between climate and the properties of the soil in the landscape that affect the response to climate change
This Chapter is very important as a benchmark reporting the conditions that existed in 1999. The sites can be found on Google Map. The findings are counterintuitive
This Chapter describes the conditions on the NE slope. The measurements can be compared to the other locations with different climates
Description of field conditions and measurements of soil and climate change relevant measurements made for during the fieldwork
Thesis Chapter 6 of Dr. van Mulligen showing the data from Callosa site along the gradient in Alicant
Research Results from the Cocoll Research Site
This reviews the concept of Soil Degradation as applied in the research

Please contact author
This is a research proposal on Mediterranean Desertification that is a report of the concepts and existing conditions in 15 years ago. The hope is that it can help in the passing on of knowledge from the past in to the present. It... more
This is a research proposal on Mediterranean Desertification that is a report of the concepts and existing conditions in 15 years ago.  The hope is that it can help in the passing on of knowledge from the past in to the present.  It should be seen as a heritage and a baseline study for climate change and desertification
An interpretation of soil hydrology and erosion data obtained from limestone areas in southeast Spain is presented in the framework of recent hypotheses on runoff generation mechanisms in Mediterranean environments. The main objective is... more
An interpretation of soil hydrology and erosion data obtained from limestone areas in southeast Spain is presented in the framework of recent hypotheses on runoff generation mechanisms in Mediterranean environments. The main objective is to synthesise and harmonise the data in theoretical concepts or behavioural models of hydrological functioning of Mediterranean limestone slopes. For this purpose, data were collected in a typical limestone area, with climatic characteristics ranging from subhumid to semiarid. Several sites were chosen with comparable slopes, vegetation and soils along a transect of 20 km to carry out several research projects. The data discussed in this paper consist of information on water redistribution within the soil profiles obtained from long duration (up to 5 h) rainfall simulation experiments with continuous monitoring of soil moisture at different depths. Runoff and sediment concentration data were obtained (i) from rainfall simulation experiments with different antecedent soil moisture conditions and (ii) as natural results from open Gerlach plots on runoff and sediment movement over 4 years. Three conceptual models of water redistribution during the infiltration process could be observed, two of them imply nonuniform water redistribution within the soil profile due mainly to macropore flow caused by specific soil surface characteristics. At the plot scale, runoff generated in bare patches is mainly Hortonian. In plots with previously wetted soils or soils with high infiltration capacities, the generated runoff implies the saturation of the upper soil. Both types of runoff are discontinuous through time and space. The runoff generation mechanisms at the slope scale have been synthesised into two conceptual models: a Hortonian discontinuous runoff model that takes place in the most degraded slopes or during high intensity rain events and, a mixed runoff generation model in less degraded slopes or in previously wet soils, where infiltration excess runoff as well as saturation excess runoff can happen on the same slope. In both cases, slopes behave as a patchwork of runoff and runon areas, the size of the runoff or runon patches is dependent on the climatological conditions. These control the hydrological disconnection between different parts of the slopes. Hortonian and saturation runoff can both be generated and infiltrated downslope. D
This research published in 1980 can help you if you have a problem with gully erosion. Gulley's were measured all over the world in different soils that resulted in relationships between different materials, climate and hydrology to be... more
This research published in 1980 can help you if you have a problem with gully erosion.  Gulley's were measured all over the world in different soils that resulted in relationships between different materials, climate and hydrology to be understood.  When this paper was uploaded to research net it was downloaded 777 times in a few days.  Also this research explains the link to climate and land use. Also soil conservation and compaction trigger different types of process. Critical conditions for different types of  gully can be identified.  I would be interested in helping anyone to learn about the findings and their relevance to them.
Research Interests:

And 8 more

Methods and field study sites
This explains the research strategy but it also describes the climate and transect research sites
This Chapter introduces the research done on the relationship  between climate and soil and land degradation and climate change.

The thesis can be obtained from the author and from the 3D Environmental Change
The Contents of the Dr. Thesis are shown. The thesis Chapters and Data will be made public. The theses provides data for sites that can be viewed today 20 years later. Thanks are due to Prof Calvo Cases who contributed to the... more
The Contents of the Dr. Thesis are shown.  The thesis  Chapters and Data will be made public.  The theses provides data for sites that can be viewed today 20 years later. Thanks are due to Prof Calvo Cases who contributed to the supervision.  Also the EU is thanked for the ERMES project that compared transects in Alicante, Crete and Israel.
The spatial patterns in soil aggregation were studied on a pediment with a vegetation cover of Stipa. The aggregate stability and microaggegation patterns were studied and related to soil properties. The Desertification Response Unit... more
The spatial patterns in soil aggregation were studied on a pediment with a vegetation cover of Stipa.  The aggregate stability and microaggegation patterns were studied and related to soil properties. The Desertification Response Unit approach was applied at different scales. This is a target area for research.
This is draft version and the data collected are in a different file.
Functional performance indicators describe how well ecosystem services are being provided in the field. A reseaarch program was carried out to investigate this at catchment slope and patch scale. Indicators are field mesurements of... more
Functional performance indicators describe how well ecosystem services are being provided in the field. A reseaarch program was carried out to investigate this at catchment slope and patch scale.  Indicators are field mesurements of infiltration or the lack of runoff as a rill. This paper was published in an edited form in a book by Maria Roxo. The net longer paper describes the field measurements and is a useful resource for students or practitioners